A melanocytic nevus (also known as nevus nevus , nevus-nevus cells and generally as mole ) is a type of tumor melanocytes containing nevus cells.
The majority of moles appear during the first two decades of a person's life, with about one in every 100 babies born with moles. The mole obtained is a form of benign neoplasm, whereas congenital mole, or congenital naevi, is considered a minor malformation or hamartoma and may be at higher risk for melanoma. Moles can be subdermal (under the skin) or pigmented growths on the skin, mostly formed from cell types known as melanocytes. High concentrations of body pigment agents, melanin, are responsible for their dark color. Moles are members of a family of skin lesions known as nevi and can occur in all mammalian species especially humans, dogs, and horses.
Video Melanocytic nevus
Classification
Some sources equate the term mole with "melanocytic naevus". Other sources reserve the term "mole" for other purposes such as animals of the same name. Melanocytic naevi is a family of lesions. The most common variants are:
- Locations:
- Nevus Junctional : nevus cells are located along the junction of the epidermis and the underlying dermis. Nevus junctional is flat and brown to black.
- Compound nevus : a mixture of junctional and intradermal proliferation. The compound nevi is slightly raised and brown to black. The beauty signs are usually good nevi compounds of the obtained varieties or congenital variations.
- Intradermal nevus : nevus cells are located only in the dermis. Intradermal nevi increases; mostly colored meat (not pigmented).
- Nevis dysplastic (nevus of Clark): usually a compound naevus with cellular dysplasia and architecture. Like a typical mole, dysplastic naevi can be flat or elevated. Despite their varying size, dysplastic naevi is usually larger than normal moles and tends to have irregular borders and irregular colors. Therefore, they resemble melanoma, look alarming, and are often removed to clarify the diagnosis. Dysplastic naevi is a marker of risk when the amount is large ( atypical mole syndrome ). According to the National Cancer Institute (NIH), doctors believe that, when part of a series or multiple molar syndrome, the dysplastic naevi is more likely than ordinary moles to develop into the most malignant type of skin cancer called melanoma.
- Blue nevus : Blue due to very deep melanocytes in the skin. The nevus cells are spindle-shaped and spread over the inner lining of the dermis. The epidermis that covers the normal.
- Spitz nevus : Different variants of the intradermal nevus, usually in children. They are raised and reddish (non-pigmented). The pigmented variant, called 'Reed nevus', usually appears at the feet of young women.
- Acquired nevus : Any melanocytic naevus that is not a congenital nevus or absent at birth or near birth. These include junctional, compound and intradermal neves.
- Congenital nevus : small to large nevus present at or near the time of birth. Small ones have low potential to form melanomas, but the risks increase with size, as in the giant pigmented naevus.
- gigantic pigmented nipples : this large, pigmented, hairy, congenital nevi. They are important because melanomas sometimes (10 to 15%) appear in them.
- Intramucosal nevus : the junctional nerve of the oral mucosa or genital area. Inside the mouth, they are found most often on the hard palate. They are usually light brown and dome-shaped.
- Nevus of Ito and nevus of Ota : brown, flat brownish lesions on the face or shoulders.
- Mongolian place : large, deep, bluish, congenital blur that generally disappears at puberty. Named so because of its association with East Asian ethnic groups but not limited to them.
- Repeated nevi : Any incomplete nevus with remaining melanocytes remaining in the surgical wound. This creates a dilemma for patients and doctors, because this scar is indistinguishable from melanoma.
Maps Melanocytic nevus
Signs and symptoms
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, the most common type of mole is the skin tag, lifting a mole and a flat mole. Tame mice are usually brown, brown, pink or black (especially on dark skin). They are round or oval and usually small (usually between 1-3 mm), although some may be larger than the typical pencil eraser size (& gt; 5 mm). Some moles produce dark, coarse hair. Mole removal procedures generally include removal, cosmetic waxing, electrolysis, threading and cautery.
Aging
Moles tend to appear during childhood and for the first 30 years of life. They can change slowly, be lifted, change color or gradually fade. Most people have between 30 and 40 mol, but some have as much as 600.
The number of a person's mole has been found to have a correlation with telomere length. However, the relationship between telomeres and aging remains unclear.
Cause
The cause is not clearly understood, but is thought to be caused by a defect in embryological development. This is in the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. This defect is thought to cause melanocyte proliferation. This means melanocytes, the cells in the body responsible for normal skin color, are produced at a very fast rate. So that causes melanocytes to form in groups instead of spreading, causing abnormal skin pigmentation in some areas of the body.
Genetics
Genes can have an effect on a person's mole.
Dysplastic nevi and atypical atypical syndrome are hereditary conditions that cause a person to have a large number of moles (often 100 or more) with some larger than normal or atypical. This often leads to a higher risk of melanoma, a serious skin cancer. Dysplastic nevi is more likely than ordinary mice to be cancerous. Dysplastic nevi is common, and many people have some abnormal moles. Having more than 50 regular moles increases the risk of developing melanoma.
In the overall population, a small amount of melanoma does not form in the existing mole but creates new growth in the skin. Surprisingly, this also applies to those with nevi dysfunction. They are at a higher risk of melanoma occurring not only where there is a moles, but also where there is none. Such people need to be checked regularly for every change in their mole and to record a new one.
Sunlight
Ultraviolet rays from the sun cause premature aging on skin and skin damage that can cause melanoma. Some scientists hypothesize that overexposure to UV, including excessive sunlight, can play a role in the formation of moles obtained. However, further research is needed to determine complex interactions between genetic makeup and overall exposure to ultraviolet light. Some strong indications that this is so (but less evidence), is:
- Relatively few moles in the buttocks with dysfunction nevi.
- The spots (melanin spots on the skin, and different from the moles) are known to be affected by sunlight.
Studies have found that sunburns and too much time in the sun can increase risk factors for melanoma. These are other than those with dysplastic naevi which are at higher risk of developing this cancer (uncertainty in terms of obtaining benign moles). To prevent and reduce the risk of melanoma caused by UV radiation, the American Academy of Dermatology and the National Cancer Institute recommends staying out of the sun between 10 am and 4 pm. standard time (or whenever a person's image is shorter than someone's height). The National Cancer Institute also recommends wearing long sleeves and trousers, a hat with wide edges, sunscreen, and sunglasses that have UV-deflecting lenses.
Hormones
Hormonal changes during pregnancy and diabetics (ie insulin) often contribute to the formation of moles.
Diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis can be done with the naked eye using ABCD guidelines or by using dermatoscopy. Online screening tests are also available to help screen benign moles.
Differentiation of melanoma
It often requires a dermatologist to fully evaluate the mole. For example, small blue or bluish black spots, often called blue naeves, are usually benign but are often mistaken for melanoma. In contrast, the junctional nevus, which develops in the intersection of the dermis and epidermis, is potentially cancerous.
A basic reference graph used for consumers to see suspicious moles is found in mnemonic A-B-C-D, used by institutions such as the American Academy of Dermatology and the National Cancer Institute. The letters stand for asymmetry, border, color, and diameter. Sometimes, the letter E (for elevation or evolution) is added. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, if the mole begins to change in size, color, shape or, especially, if the border of a mole develops a ragged edge or becomes larger than a pencil eraser, it would be a good time to consult a doctor. Other warning signs include a mole, even if smaller than a pencil eraser, which is different from the rest and starts to wrinkle, bleed, itch, or become inflamed. This change may indicate the development of melanoma. This problem can be clinically complicated by the removal of a mole depending on what type of cancer, if any, is suspected.
New and recent melanoma detection method is a "bad duck mark" It is simple, teachable, and very effective in detecting melanoma. Simply put, the general characteristic correlation of a person's skin lesion is made. Lesions that deviate strongly from common characteristics are labeled as "ugly ducks", and further professional exams are required. "Small red hood marks", suggest that individuals with bright skin and light-colored hair may find it difficult to diagnose melanoma. Extra attention and vigilance should be given when examining such individuals as they may have some very dysplastic melanomas and nevi. Dermatoscopes should be used to detect "bad ducks", as many melanomas in these individuals resemble non-melanoma or are considered "wolf in sheep's clothing". These white individuals often have mild or amelanotic pigmented melanoma that will not present easily observable color changes and color variations. The border of amelanotic melanoma is often unclear, making visual identification without a dermatoscope extremely difficult.
People with a personal or family history of skin cancer or dysplastic nevus syndrome (some atypical moles) should see a dermatologist at least once a year to ensure they do not develop melanoma.
Complications
Experts, such as the American Academy of Dermatology, say that most moles are benign. Nevertheless, the US National Cancer Institute estimates that 62,480 new cases of melanoma and 8,420 related deaths will appear in the United States in 2008.
Data on the possible transformation of the melanocytic naevi to melanoma is still controversial, but it seems that about 10% of malignant melanomas have precursor lesions, of which about 10% are melanocytic naevi. Therefore, it appears that malignant melanoma is quite rare (1% of cases) have melanocytic naevi as a precursor.
Management
First, a diagnosis must be made. If the lesion is seborrhoeic keratoses, shaving, electrodescation or cryosurgery removal may occur, usually leaving very little if there is scarring. If the lesion is suspected as skin cancer, skin biopsy should be done first, before considering the removal. This unless the excision biopsy is justified. If the lesion is a melanocytic naevus, one must decide whether it is medically indicated or not
If the melanocytic naevus is suspected as melanoma, it needs to be sampled or removed and sent for microscopic evaluation by a pathologist with a method called skin biopsy. A person can perform complete skin excision biopsies or blow skin biopsies, depending on the size and location of the original naevus. Other reasons to eliminate may be cosmetics, or because lifting moles interfere with everyday life (eg shaving). Removal can be with excision biopsy or by shaving. A shaved site leaves a red mark on the site that returns to the patient's skin color normally within about two weeks. However, there may still be a risk of melanoma spread, so the method of diagnosis of Melanoma, including excisional biopsy, is still recommended even in this case. In addition, moles can be removed by laser, surgery or electrocautery.
In well-trained hands, some medical lasers are used to elevate the level of a mole flat to the surface of the skin, as well as some moles removed. While laser treatments are generally offered and may require some promise, other skin experts think lasers are not the best method to remove a mole because the laser just burns or, in certain cases, eliminates very shallow skin levels. Moles tend to go deeper into the skin than non-invasive lasers can penetrate. After laser treatment, a scab is formed, which falls about seven days later, unlike surgery, where the wound must be stitched. A second concern about laser treatment is that if the lesion is melanoma, and misdiagnosed as a benign mole, this procedure may delay the diagnosis. If the mole is not completely excreted by the laser, and the pigmented lesion returns, it may form a recurrent nevus.
Electrocautery is available as an alternative to laser cautery. Electrocautery is a procedure that uses light electric current to burn moles, skin tags, and warts from the skin. The electric current is set to such a degree that they reach only the outermost layer of the skin, thus reducing scarring problems. Approximately 1-3 treatments may be needed to completely remove the mole. Typically, local anesthesia is applied to the treated skin area before initiating the mole removal procedure.
For surgery, many skin and plastic surgeons first use a freezing solution, usually liquid nitrogen, on the raised mole and then shave it with a scalpel. If the surgeon chooses the shaving method, he will usually also burn the stump. Because the hard circle is closed with stitches, the incision is usually elliptical or eye shaped. However, clotting should not be performed on a suspected nevus as melanoma, because ice crystals may cause pathological changes called "clotting artifacts" that may interfere with the diagnosis of melanoma.
The mole removal risk
The risk of removal of a mole depends primarily on the type of mole removal method experienced by the patient. First, the removal of a mole can be followed by some discomfort that can be relieved by pain medication. Secondly, there is a risk that a scab will be formed or the redness will occur. However, such scab and redness usually resolve within a week or two. Thirdly, as with other operations, there is also the risk of infection or allergy to anesthesia or even nerve damage. Finally, removal of a mole may imply an uncomfortable scar depending on the size of the mole.
History
In the 1950s and 60s (and, to a lesser extent, today) facial moles are known as "beauty signs" when they appear at certain points on a woman's face. Examples include Marilyn Monroe, model Cindy Crawford, singer Madonna, and Ms. Pac-man fictitious. Madonna's facial mole - under her right nostril - has been surgically removed. Some folklore about moles includes the idea that picking on a mole can cause it to become cancerous or grow back larger.
Society and culture
Throughout human history, individuals with facial moles have been subjected to ridicule and superstitious attacks. Throughout most of history, facial moles are not considered as beauty objects on a pretty face. In contrast most moles are considered the most horrific growth that appears mostly on the nose, cheeks, and chins of witches, frogs and other lowly creatures.
Both folklore and popular modern culture use physical traits to show good character or evil tendencies. In contrast to the delicate features and delicate skin of heroes and heroes, characters that have negative or evil characteristics have also been known to have more rugged features and skin blemishes, including facial moles.
During the Salem wizard's trials, warts and other dermatological lesions such as moles, scars, and other defects, when found in women accused of being considered as proof of agreement with the devil.
Face Mole Read
In traditional Chinese culture, facial moles are respected and they are used in moleomancy, or reading facial moles. The meaning of the moles varies according to which of the nine "points of wealth" of their faces are. Depending on their position and color, a person's facial mole can make their faces "lucky" or "out of luck."
A mole that can be easily seen can be regarded as a warning or reminder, while a hidden mole can symbolize good luck and fortune. Furthermore, traditional Chinese culture states that every facial mole shows the presence of the same mole on other parts of the body. For example, if there is a mole around the mouth, a suitable mole should be found in the pubic area.
See also
- Map of mole
References
External links
- Common Moles, Nevi Dysplastic, dan Risiko Melanoma - National Cancer Institute
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments