shilling is a currency unit previously used in Austria, England, Australia, New Zealand, the United States and other Commonwealth countries. Currently shillings are used as currencies in four countries of east Africa Kenya (Kenya shilling) Tanzania (Tanzanian shillings) Uganda (Uganda shilling) and Somalia (Somali shilling) (Somaliland Somaliland Somali autonomous region) This is also the proposed currency of the East African community plans to introduce (East African shilling). The word shilling originates from the old English "Scilling." The monetary term means twenty pounds, and from the Proto-Germanic root * skiljan? 'separating.' The word "Scilling" is mentioned in the earliest recorded Germanic legislation, which contains the ÃÆ' â € thelberht of Kent.
Slang terms for old shilling coins include "bob" and "hog". While the "bob" derivation is uncertain, John Camden Hotten in Slang Dictionary of 1864 says the original version is "bobstick" and wonders if it is connected to Sir Robert Walpole.
An abbreviation for shilling is s (for solidus , see Ã, Â £ sd). Often it is represented by a solidus symbol ("/"), which may initially be established for s or s , so 1/9 > will be a shilling and ninepence (and equivalent to 21d; the shilling itself is equal to 12d). Prices without pence are sometimes written with solidus and dashes: 11/-.
The solidus symbol is still used for shilling currency units in the former British East Africa, rather than sh .
During the Great Recoinage of 1816, mint was instructed to produce a pound of kilo (weighing 5760 grains or 373 grams) of standard silver (0.925 fine) to 66 shillings, or equivalent in other denominations. This sets the shilling weight, and the subsequent decimal replacement of 5 new pence coins, at 87,277 grains or 5,655 grams from 1816 to 1990, when new smaller 5p coins are introduced.
In the past, the English world has had various myths about shilling. One myth is that it is regarded as the value of cows in Kent or sheep elsewhere.
Video Shilling
British Isles
United Kingdom
Shilling is a coin used in England from the reign of Henry VII (or Edward VI about 1550). Shilling continues to be used after the Acts of Union of 1707 created the new United Kingdom of the United Kingdom and Scotland, and under Article 16 of the Articles of Association, the common currency for the newly created United Kingdom.
The Kingdom of Scotland
The term shilling (Scots: schilling ) was used in Scotland from the beginning of the Middle Ages.
United Kingdom and United Kingdom
The common currency created in 1707 by Article 16 of the Articles of Association continued to be used until the decimation in 1971. In the traditional pound, the shilling and pence system, there are 20 shillings per pound and 12 cents per shilling, and thus there are 240 pence in a pound.
Three coins in several shillings are also circulating at this time. They:
- florin, two shillings (2/-), which adopt a new 10pce (10p) value during decimation;
- half crown, two shillings and six pence (2/6) or one eighth of a pound, wiped out in decimalization (otherwise it would have a value of 12 ½ p);
- the crown (five shillings), the highest non-bullion UK coin in decimalization (in practice, the crown is a commemorative coin not used in everyday transactions).
In decimalization in 1971, the shilling coins were replaced by a new five-pence cut, which originally had the same size and weight and had the same value, and inherited the slang shilling name from bob . Shillings remained in circulation until a five-pence coin was reduced in size in 1991.
Irish Shilling
Between 1701 and the union of currency in 1825, Irish shilling was worth 13 cents and was known as a "black pig", as opposed to a 12-cent British shill known as "white pig".
In Irish Free State and Republic of Ireland coins shilling are published as scissors in Irish. It's worth 1/20 Irish pounds, and is exchanged for the same value as British coins, which continue to be used in Northern Ireland. The coin features a bull on the reverse side. The first prints, from 1928 to 1941, contained 75% silver, more than equivalent British coins. The original Irish shilling coins (retained after decimation)) were withdrawn from circulation on January 1, 1993, when the smaller five-cent pence was introduced.
Maps Shilling
Other countries in (former) United Kingdom/Commonwealth
Australian Shilling
Australian shillings, twenty of which are an Australian pound, were first issued in 1910, with the Australian emblem on the back and King Edward VII on his face. The arms design symbol was preserved during the reign of King George V until the newly introduced ram's head design for the coins of King George VI. This design continued into the last year of publication in 1963. In 1966, the Australian currency decimated and shillings were replaced with a ten-cent coin (Australia), in which 10 shillings consisted of an Australian dollar.
The term slang for shilling coins in Australia is "deener". The slang term for shilling as a currency unit is "bob", just like in England.
After 1966, shillings continued to circulate, as they were replaced by a 10-cent coin of the same size and weight.
New Zealand Shilling
New Zealand's Shilling, twenty of them a New Zealand pound, was first published in 1933 and features a picture of a Maori fighter carrying taiaha "in a warlike manner" behind it. In 1967, New Zealand's currency decimated and shillings were replaced with ten cents of the same size and weight. A smaller 10 cents coin was introduced in 2006.
Maltese shillings
Shillings were used in Malta, before decimation in 1972, and had a nominal value of five cents of Malta.
Ceylonese shillings
In the English Ceylon, shilling (Sinhala: Silima , Tamil: Silin ) is equivalent to eight fanams. With rixdollar replacement by rupees in 1852, shilling was considered equivalent to half a rupee. In currency decimation in 1869, shilling is considered equivalent to 50 cent Ceylon. This term continues to be used everyday until the end of the 20th century.
East African shilling
East African shilling was used in British colonies and British protectorates Somaliland, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda and Zanzibar from 1920, while replacing the rupees, until after the countries were independent, and in Tanzania after the country was formed by the merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964 After independence in 1960, East African shillings in Somaliland State (former Somaliland UK) and Somali Somalis in the Somali Confederate Territory (formerly Somaliland Italy) were replaced by Somali shillings.
In 1966.5, the East East Monetary Union broke up, and member states replaced their currencies with Kenyan shillings, Ugandan shillings and Tanzanian shillings, respectively. Although all these currencies have different values ​​right now, there are plans to reintroduce East African shillings as a new common currency in 2009, although this has not happened yet.
North America
In the thirteen British colonies that became the United States in 1776, the British money was often circulated. Each colony takes out its own banknotes, with pounds, shillings, and pence used as standard units of accounts. Some coins are printed in colonies, such as 1652 pine fir trees in Massachusetts Bay Colony. After the United States adopted the dollar as its currency unit and received the gold standard, one British shilling was worth 24 US cents. Due to the persistent scarcity of US coins in some areas, shilling continued to circulate well into the 19th century. Shillings is described as a standard monetary unit throughout Solomon Northup's autobiography (1853) and is mentioned several times in Horatio Alger, Jr. story, Ragged Dick (1868).
Somali shilling
Overview
Somali Shilling is the official Somali currency. It is divided into 100 cents (English), senti (Somali, also ???) or centesimi (Italian).
Somali Shilling has been the currency part of Somalia since 1921, when East African shilling was introduced to former British protectorate Somaliland. After independence in 1960, Somaliland Somaliland Italy and East African shillings (equivalent in value) were replaced at par in 1962 by Somali shillings. The names used for denominations are cent, centesimo (plural: centesimi) and ??? (plural forms: ??????? and ??????) along with shilling, scellino (plural: scellini) and ???.
In the same year, Banca Nazionale Somala released notes for 5, 10, 20 and 100 scellini/shillings. In 1975, Bankig Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (Somali National Bank) introduced the records for 5, 10, 20 and 100 shilin/shillings. This was followed in 1978 by records of the same denomination issued by Bankiga Dhexe Ee Soomaaliya (Central Bank of Somalia). 50 shilin/shillings notes were introduced in 1983, followed by 500 shilin/shillings in 1989 and 1000 shillings/shillings in 1990. Also in 1990 there were efforts to reform the currency at 100 to 1, with new banknotes 20 and 50 new Shilin prepared for redenomination.
Following the disturbance at the central authority that accompanied the civil war, which began in the early 1990s, the value of Somali shilling is disrupted. The Central Bank of Somalia, the country's monetary authority, also shut down operations. Manufacturers of local currency rivals, including autonomous regional entities such as the Somaliland region, then emerged.
The newly-created Somali Transitional Federal Government revived the dead Central Bank of Somalia in the late 2000s. In terms of financial management, the monetary authority is in the process of assuming the task of both formulating and applying monetary policy. Due to a lack of confidence in Somali shilling, the US dollar is widely accepted as a medium of exchange alongside Somali shillings. However, the dollarization, large Somali shilling has increased the price spike, especially for low value transactions. However, this inflationary environment is expected to end as soon as the Central Bank takes full control over monetary policy and replaces the current outstanding currency introduced by the private sector.
Somaliland shilling
Somaliland shilling is the official currency of Somaliland, an internationally recognized self-declare republic as an autonomous region of Somalia. The currency is not recognized as a valid payment instrument by the international community, and currently does not have an official exchange rate. This is governed by the Bank of Somaliland, the region's central bank. Although the authorities in Somaliland have attempted to ban the use of Somali shillings, the official Somali currency is still the preferred means of exchange for many in the region.
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Elsewhere in the former United Kingdom, the forms of the word shilling remain unofficial. In Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands, selen used in Bislama and Pijin means "money"; In Malaysia, coins (pronounced like shilling ) means "coin". In Egypt and Jordan, shillin (Arabic: ??? ) Similar to 1/20 (five < - Arabic: ??? ?, English: piastres or the Jordanian Dinar. In Belize, the term shilling is generally used to refer to twenty five cents.
Austrian fights
The Austrian Fight was the Austrian currency between 1 March 1924 and 1938 and again between 1945 and 2002. Replaced by the euro at a fixed parity of EUR1 = 13,7603 schilling. The parting is divided into 100 groschen.
Shilling other countries
Other European shilling
Shillings were issued in Scandinavian countries (skilling) to the Scandinavian Monetary Union in 1873, and in the city of Hamburg, Germany.
In Poland szel? G is used.
Low Countries
In a kingdom that includes the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg today, the cognate term schelling is used as an equivalent 'arithmetic' currency, 'solidus' representing 12 'denarii' or 1/20 'pound', while coins are actually rarely multiples, but are still expressed in this term. More
The sol , then sou , both also derived from Roman solidus, is an equivalent coin in France, while (nuevo) sol (PEN) remains the Peruvian currency.
As in France, the Peruvian soles were originally named from Roman solidus, but the name of the Peruvian currency is now more closely related to the Spanish word for sun ( sol ). It helps explain the name of its temporal successor, the core, named for the incan sun god Incan.
References
External links
- Shilling
- English coins - Information about English coins.
- Shilling History
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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