Aung San Suu Kyi ( ; Burma: ?????????????? ; MLCTS: < span title = "Transcription in Transcription System of Myanmar Language Commission"> aung hua: cu krany [ÃÆ' ?? s? ÃÆ'¡ ) Was born on June 19, 1945) was a Burmese politician, diplomat and author, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1991). He is the leader of the National League for Democracy and the first and incumbent State Advisers, a position similar to the prime minister. She is also the first woman to serve as Minister for Foreign Affairs, for the Office of the President, for Power and Energy, and for Education. From 2012 to 2016 he becomes MP for Kawhmu Township to the House of Representatives.
Aung San's youngest daughter, Myanmar's modern father, and Khin Kyi, Aung San Suu Kyi was born in Rangoon, Burma, England. After graduating from Delhi University in 1964 and Oxford University in 1968, he worked at the United Nations for three years. He married Michael Aris in 1972, with whom he had two children. Aung San Suu Kyi became famous in 1988, and became Secretary General of the National League for Democracy (NLD), newly formed with the help of several retired military officials who criticized the military junta. In the 1990 election, the NLD won 81% of seats in Parliament, but the results were canceled, as the military refused to hand over power, which resulted in international condemnation. However, he has been detained under house arrest before the election. He remained under house arrest for nearly 15 of the 21 years from 1989 to 2010, becoming one of the most prominent political prisoners in the world.
His party boycotted the 2010 elections, producing a decisive victory for the military-backed Solidarity and Development Party. Aung San Suu Kyi became a member of parliament Pyithu Hluttaw while her party won 43 out of 45 seats in elections in 2012. In the 2015 election, her party won a landslide victory, taking 86% of seats in the United Assembly - over 67 per cent of supermajority needed to ensure that Preferred candidates were elected as President and Second Vice President in the Presidential Election of Universities. Although he was banned from becoming President because the clause in the constitution - his late husband and children are foreign citizens - he assumes the role of newly created State Counselor, a role similar to the Prime Minister or head of government. Aung San Suu Kyi's awards include the Nobel Peace Prize, which she won in 1991.
Since rising to the Advisory General's office, Aung San Suu Kyi has drawn international condemnation of her inaction against the persecution of the Rohingyas in Rakhine State and the refusal to accept that the Burmese military has committed massacres.
Video Aung San Suu Kyi
Name
Aung San Suu Kyi , like other Burmese names, including no surnames, but only personal names, in her case from three brothers: "Aung San" from her father, "Suu" from her paternal paternal , and "Kyi" from her mother, Khin Kyi.
The Burmese people call it Daw Aung San Suu Kyi. Daw , literally "aunt", is not part of his name but is an honor for older and respected women, such as "Madam". The Burmese people sometimes call him Daw Suu or Amay Suu ("Mother Suu").
Maps Aung San Suu Kyi
Personal life
Aung San Suu Kyi was born on June 19, 1945 in Rangoon (now Yangon), Burma England. According to Peter Popham, he was born in a small village outside of Rangoon named Hmway Saung. His father, Aung San, founded the modern Burmese army and negotiated Burmese independence from the British Empire in 1947; he was killed by his rival in the same year. She grew up with her mother, Khin Kyi, and her two brothers, Aung San Lin and Aung San Oo, in Rangoon. Aung San Lin died at the age of eight, when he drowned in an ornamental lake in the courtyard of the house. His older brother emigrated to San Diego, California, became a citizen of the United States. After the death of Aung San Lin, the family moved into a house by Lake Inya where Aung San Suu Kyi meets people from various backgrounds, political and religious views. He was educated at the Methodist Secondary School (now Elementary Primary School No. 1 Dagon) for much of his childhood in Burma, where he is noted to have a knack for language learning. He speaks four languages: Burma, English, French and Japanese. He is a Theravada Buddhist.
Suu Kyi's mother, Khin Kyi, became famous as a political figure in the newly formed Burmese government. He was appointed Burmese ambassador to India and Nepal in 1960, and Aung San Suu Kyi followed him there. He studied at the Monastery of Jesus and the Mary School in New Delhi, and graduated from Lady Shri Ram College, a constituent college of Delhi University in New Delhi, with a degree in politics in 1964. Suu Kyi continued her education at St Hugh's College, Oxford , earned a BA degree in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics in 1967, graduating with a third degree and an MA in politics in 1968. After graduating, he lives in New York City with family friend Ma Than E, who was once a popular Burmese pop singer. She worked for the United Nations for three years, mainly on budget issues, writing daily to her future husband, Dr. Michael Aris. On January 1, 1972, Aung San Suu Kyi and Aris, a Tibetan cultural and literary scholar, living abroad in Bhutan, were married. The following year he gave birth to their first son, Alexander Aris, in London; Their second son, Kim, was born in 1977. Between 1985 and 1987, Suu Kyi was working towards M. Phil. degree in Burmese literature as a research student at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He was elected Honorary Member of St Hugh's in 1990. For two years, he was a Fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS) in Shimla, India. He also works for the Burma Union government.
In 1988, Suu Kyi returned to Burma, first to take care of her ailing mother, but later to lead the pro-democracy movement. Aris's visit to Christmas 1995 turned out to be the last time he and Suu Kyi met, as Suu Kyi remained in Burma and the Burmese dictatorship rejected her with a further entry visa. Aris was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1997 which was later discovered as a terminal. Despite calls from prominent figures and organizations, including the United States, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Pope John Paul II, the Burmese government will not grant Aris a visa, saying they have no facilities to take care of it, and instead urged Aung San Suu Kyi leaving the country to visit it. He was at that time temporarily free from house arrest but did not want to leave, afraid that he would be denied reentry if he left, because he did not trust the military junta's assurances that he could return.
Aris died on his 53rd birthday on March 27, 1999. Since 1989, when his wife was first placed under house arrest, he only saw it five times, the last was for Christmas in 1995. He is also separated from his children , who live in England, but starting in 2011, they have visited him in Burma.
On May 2, 2008, after Typhoon Nargis crashed into Burma, Suu Kyi lost her roof and lived in virtual darkness after losing power at her dilapidated riverside residence. She uses candles at night because she has not provided any generator. Plans to renovate and repair the house were announced in August 2009. Suu Kyi was released from house arrest on November 13, 2010.
Political career
Political start
Incidentally, when Aung San Suu Kyi returned to Burma in 1988, the longtime Burmese military leader and the head of the ruling party, General Ne Win, resigned. The mass demonstration for democracy followed the event on August 8, 1988 (8-8-88, a day seen as a fortune), who was brutally suppressed in what came to be known as the 8888 Rebellion. On 26 August 1988, he spoke to half a million people in a a rally in front of the Shwedagon Pagoda in the capital, called for a democratic government. However, in September, the new military junta took power.
Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent philosophy and more specifically by Buddhist concepts, Aung San Suu Kyi entered politics to work for democratization, helped establish the National League for Democracy on September 27, 1988, but was held home on July 20, 1989. The freedom offered if he left the country, he refused. Despite his non-violent philosophy, a group of former military commanders and senior politicians who joined the NLD during the crisis believed he was too confrontational and left the NLD. However, he maintains great popularity and support among the NLD youth who spend most of his time.
During his house arrest, Suu Kyi devoted herself to practicing Buddhist meditation and studying Buddhist thought. A deeper interest in Buddhism is reflected in his writings because it is more emphasized on love and affection. There is also more discussion about the compatibility of democracy and Buddhism and the ability to gain freedom from authoritarian governments through Buddhism.
During the crisis, Myanmar's previously democratically elected Prime Minister, U Nu, took the initiative to form a temporary administration and invited opposition leaders to join him. Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi has signaled his readiness to recognize the interim government. However, Aung San Suu Kyi firmly rejects U Nu's plan by saying "the future of the opposition will be determined by the masses of the people". Former Brigadier General Aung Gyi, another influential politician during the 8888 crisis and the first chairman in NLD history, attended the lawsuit and rejected the plan after Suu Kyi's rejection. Aung Gyi then accused some members of the NLD as communist and withdrew from the party.
1990 elections and Nobel Peace Prize
In 1990, the military junta called the general election, in which the National League for Democracy (NLD) received 59% of the vote, guaranteeing the NLD 80% of parliamentary seats. Some claim that Aung San Suu Kyi will occupy the Prime Minister's office; in fact, however, since he is not allowed, he does not stand as a candidate in the election (although being a member of parliament is not a strict prerequisite to becoming prime minister in most parliamentary systems). Instead, the results were canceled and the military refused to hand over power, causing international condemnation. Aung San Suu Kyi is placed under house arrest at her home on University Avenue ( 16Ã, 49? Rangoon, during which time he was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Thinking Freedom in 1990 , and the Nobel Peace Prize the following year. His son, Alexander and Kim, received the Nobel Peace Prize on his behalf. Aung San Suu Kyi used the $ 1.3 million Nobel Peace Prize to build health and education trusts for the Burmese people. Around this time, Aung San Suu Kyi chose nonviolence as a wise political tactic, stating in 2007, "I am not holding on to nonviolence for moral reasons, but for political and practical reasons." assault in 1996
On November 9, 1996, a motorcade carried by Aung San Suu Kyi along with other National League for Democracy leaders, Tin Oo and Kyi Maung, was attacked in Yangon. About 200 people swooped in the motorcade, using metal chains, iron rods, stones and other weapons. Aung San Suu Kyi's car was in her rear window destroyed, and a car with Tin Oo and Kyi Maung had a rear window and two crashed backdoor windows. It is believed that the perpetrators are members of the Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) Association allegedly paying 500 kyat (@ USD $ 0.50) each to participate. The NLD filed an official complaint with the police, and reportedly the government conducted an investigation, but no action was taken. (Amnesty International 120297)
Household arrest
Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest for a total of 15 years over a period of 21 years, on numerous occasions, since she began her political career, during which time she was prevented from meeting her supporters of her party and international visitors. In an interview, he said that while under house arrest he spent his time reading the philosophy, politics, and biography sent by her husband. He also spends time playing the piano, and is sometimes allowed visits from foreign diplomats as well as from his personal physician.
Although detained at home, Aung San Suu Kyi was given permission to leave Burma on condition that she never returned, which she rejected: "As a mother, the greater sacrifice is to surrender my son, but I am always aware of the fact that others have surrendered more than I.I have never forgotten that my fellow prisoners suffered not only physically but mentally for their families who had no outside security - in the larger Burmese prison under authoritarian rule. "His loyalty to the people of Burma and its solidarity with those imprisoned for their pro-democracy actions have gained a deep respect among the Burmese.
The media was also banned from visiting Aung San Suu Kyi, as happened in 1998 when journalist Maurizio Giuliano, after photographing it, was stopped by a customs officer who then confiscated all the films, tapes and records. In contrast, Aung San Suu Kyi does have visits from government representatives, such as during the 1994 house arrest when she met Burmese leader General Than Shwe and General Khin Nyunt on September 20 at the first meeting since she was placed in detention. On several occasions during his house arrest, he experienced a period of ill health and as a result was hospitalized.
The Burmese government arrests and detains imprisoned Aung San Suu Kyi for deeming her a person "likely to undermine the country's peace and stability", and using both Article 10 (a) and 10 (b) of the 1975 State Protection Act to imprison a person for up to five years without trial), and Section 22 of the "Act to Protect Countries against the Dangers of Those Who Want to Cause Subversive Measures" as a legal tool against him. He constantly appeals against his detention, and many countries and figures continue to call for his release and that of the 2,100 other political prisoners in the country. On November 12, 2010, a few days after the junta-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) won elections after a 20-year hiatus, the junta finally agreed to sign an order allowing Suu Kyi's release, and Suu Kyi's house arrest came to an end on November 13, 2010.
United Nations engagement
The United Nations (UN) has sought to facilitate dialogue between the junta and Aung San Suu Kyi. On May 6, 2002, after negotiations established a UN-led covert trust, the government acquitted him; a government spokesman said he was free to move "because we are confident that we can trust each other". Aung San Suu Kyi proclaimed "a new dawn for the country". However, on 30 May 2003 in an incident similar to the 1996 attack on him, a government-sponsored mob attacked his caravan in the northern village of Depayin, killing and injuring many of his supporters. Aung San Suu Kyi escaped from the scene with the help of her driver, Kyaw Soe Lin, but was arrested upon reaching Ye-U. The government imprisoned him in Insein Prison in Rangoon. After he underwent a hysterectomy in September 2003, the government again placed his house arrest in Rangoon.
The results of UN facilitation have been mixed; Razali Ismail, UN special envoy to Burma, met with Aung San Suu Kyi. Ismail resigned from office the following year, partly because he was denied reentry into Burma on several occasions. A few years later in 2006, Ibrahim Gambari, UN Under-Secretary for Political Affairs, met with Aung San Suu Kyi, the first visit by a foreign official since 2004. She also met Suu Kyi that same year. On October 2, 2007, Gambari again spoke with him after seeing Than Shwe and other members of senior leadership at Naypyidaw. State television broadcast Suu Kyi with Gambari, stating that they had met twice. This is Suu Kyi's first appearance in state media in four years since her current detention began.
The United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention issued a Declaration that Aung San Suu Kyi's deprivation of liberty was arbitrary and contrary to Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, and requested that the authorities in Burma release her, but the authorities ignored the request at that time. The UN report says that according to the Burmese Government's answer, "Daw Aung San Suu Kyi has not been arrested, but only taken into custody of protection, for her own safety", and while "it can institutionalize legal action against her under the country's domestic law. he prefers to adopt a generous attitude, and gives him protection for his own sake. "
Such claims were rejected by Brigadier General Khin Yi, Burmese Police Chief (MPF). On January 18, 2007, the government-run New Light newspaper of Myanmar accused Suu Kyi of dodging taxes for spending her Nobel Prize money abroad. The allegations followed the defeat of a UN-sponsored UN Security Council resolution condemning Burma as a threat to international security; The resolution was defeated because of strong opposition from China, which has strong ties with the military junta (China then voted against the resolution, along with Russia and South Africa).
In November 2007, it was reported that Suu Kyi would meet her political allies National League for Democracy along with a government minister. The ruling junta made an official announcement on state TV and radio just hours after UN special envoy Ibrahim Gambari ended his second visit to Burma. The NLD insists that it has accepted an invitation to hold talks with Suu Kyi. However, the process produces some tangible results.
On July 3, 2009, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon traveled to Burma to pressure the junta to free Suu Kyi and institutionalize democratic reforms. However, when departing from Burma, Ban Ki-moon said he was "disappointed" with the visit after junta leader Than Shwe refused permission for him to visit Suu Kyi, citing her ongoing trial. Ban said he was "very disappointed because they missed a very important opportunity".
Period under arrest
- July 20, 1989: Placed under house arrest in Rangoon under martial law allowing for indefinite detention or trial for three years.
- July 10, 1995: Released from house arrest.
- September 23, 2000: Placed under house arrest.
- May 6, 2002: Released after 19 months.
- May 30, 2003: Arrested after the Depayin massacre, he was held secretly for more than three months before being returned to house arrest.
- May 25, 2007: House arrest is extended for one year despite direct appeal from UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to General Than Shwe.
- October 24, 2007: Reaches 12 years under house arrest, solidarity protest held in 12 cities around the world.
- May 27, 2008: House arrest is extended for another year, which is illegal under international law and Burmese law itself.
- August 11, 2009: Arrest home extended for another 18 months due to "violations" arising from the May 2009 attack incident.
- November 13, 2010: Released from house arrest.
anti-government protests 2007
The protest led by Buddhist monks began on August 19, 2007 after steep fuel price increases, and continued every day, despite threats of military crackdown.
On September 22, 2007, though still under house arrest, Suu Kyi made a brief public appearance at her residence gate in Yangon to receive the blessings of Buddhist monks marching to support human rights. It was reported that he was transferred the next day to Insein Prison (where he was detained in 2003), but a meeting with UN envoy Ibrahim Gambari near his home in Rangoon on Sept. 30 and Oct. 2 determined that he remained under house arrest.
2009 attack incident
On May 3, 2009, an American man, identified as John Yettaw, swam across Lake Inya to his home uninvited and was arrested while he was traveling home three days later. He had attempted to make a similar trip two years earlier, but for unknown reasons was denied. He later claimed in the trial that he was motivated by a divine vision that required him to tell him about an impending terrorist assassination attempt. On May 13, Suu Kyi was arrested for violating her house arrest rules because the swimmer, who was pleading for exhaustion, was allowed to stay at her home for two days before she tried to swim back. Suu Kyi is then taken to Insein Prison, where she can face up to five years of confinement for the disorder. The trial of Suu Kyi and her two maids began on May 18 and a small number of protesters gathered outside. Diplomats and journalists are prohibited from attending the proceedings; however, on one occasion several diplomats from Russia, Thailand and Singapore and journalists were allowed to meet Suu Kyi. The AGO initially planned to summon 22 witnesses. It also accused John Yettaw of shame the country. During the ongoing defense case, Suu Kyi says she is innocent. The defense is permitted to summon only one witness (out of four), while the prosecutor is allowed to summon 14 witnesses. The court rejected two witness characters, NLD members Tin Oo and Win Tin, and allowed the defense to call only a jurist. According to an unconfirmed report, the junta plans, once again, to place him in custody, this time at a military base outside the city. In a separate trial, Yettaw said he swam to Suu Kyi's home to warn her that her life was "in danger". The national police chief then confirmed that Yettaw was the "main actor" in the case filed against Suu Kyi. According to his aide, Suu Kyi spent her 64th birthday in prison sharing biryani rice and chocolate cake with guards.
The subsequent detentions and trials are receiving global condemnation by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, UN Security Council, Western governments, South Africa, Japan and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, where Burma is a member. The Burmese government strongly condemns the statement, for creating an "unhealthy tradition" and criticizing Thailand for meddling in its internal affairs. Burma's Foreign Minister Nyan Win was quoted in the New Light of Myanmar government newspaper as saying that the incident was "made to increase international pressure on Burma by internal and external anti-government elements that do not want to see a positive change in the policies of those countries against Burma ". Ban responded to an international campaign by flying to Burma to negotiate, but Than Shwe rejected all of his requests.
On August 11, 2009 the trial ended with Suu Kyi sentenced to three years in prison with forced labor. This penalty was changed by the military rulers to hold the house for more than 18 months. On August 14, US Senator Jim Webb visited Burma, visited with junta leader General Than Shwe and then with Suu Kyi. During the visit, Webb negotiated Yettaw's release and deportation from Burma. After the court's verdict, Suu Kyi's lawyers said they would file an appeal against the 18-month sentence. On August 18, US President Barack Obama called on the country's military leadership to release all political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi. In his appeal, Aung San Suu Kyi believes that beliefs are unfounded. However, his appeal against the August verdict was rejected by the Burmese court on October 2, 2009. Although the court accepted the argument that the 1974 constitution, in which he was prosecuted, was null and void, he also said the 1975 provisions of security law, where he had been detained under house arrest, remain in force. The ruling effectively means that he will not be able to participate in elections scheduled for 2010 - the first in Burma in two decades. His lawyer stated that his legal team would pursue a new appeal within 60 days.
2009: International pressure for Burma 2010 release and elections
It was announced before Burma's general election that Aung San Suu Kyi might be released "so she can organize her party", however, Suu Kyi is not allowed to run. On October 1, 2010, the government announced that it would be released on November 13, 2010.
US President Barack Obama personally advocated the release of all political prisoners, especially Aung San Suu Kyi, during the 2009 US-ASEAN Summit.
The US government hopes that a successful general election will be an optimistic indicator of the Myanmar government's sincerity towards the eventual democracy. Hatoyama's government, which spent 2.82 billion yen in 2008, has promised more Japanese foreign aid to encourage Burma to release Aung San Suu Kyi at the time of the election; and continue to move toward democracy and the rule of law.
In a private letter to Suu Kyi, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown warned the Myanmar government about the potential consequences of rigging the election as "condemning Burma to more years of diplomatic isolation and economic stagnation".
Suu Kyi has met with many heads of state, and opened a dialogue with the Minister of Manpower Aung Kyi (not to be confused with Aung San Suu Kyi). He was allowed to meet with his senior member of the NLD party at the State Building, but this meeting took place under strict supervision.
release 2010
On the night of 13 November 2010, Suu Kyi was released from house arrest. This is the date his imprisonment has been set to expire in accordance with a court ruling in August 2009 and comes six days after a heavily criticized election. He appears in front of a crowd of his supporters, who rush to his home in Rangoon when a nearby barricade is removed by security forces. Suu Kyi has been detained for 15 of the last 21 years. The Myanmar Government New Light newspaper reported positive release, saying he had been granted pardons after serving "in good behavior" punishment. The New York Times suggested that the military government may have freed Suu Kyi from feeling in a position of confidence to control her supporters after the election. The role that Suu Kyi will play in the future of democracy in Burma remains a matter of debate.
His son Kim Aris was granted a visa in November 2010 to see his mother shortly after his release, for the first time in 10 years. He visited again on July 5, 2011, to accompany him on his way to Bagan, his first trip outside of Yangon since 2003. His son visited again on August 8, 2011, to accompany him on his way to Pegu, his second journey.
Discussions were held between Suu Kyi and the Burmese government during 2011, leading to a number of official moves to meet its demands. In October, about one-tenth of Burmese political prisoners were released in an amnesty and union was confirmed.
In November 2011, after a meeting of its leaders, the NLD announced its intention to re-register as a political party to face 48 elections required by the promotion of MPs to ministerial posts. After the ruling, Suu Kyi held a telephone conference with US President Barack Obama, where it was agreed that Secretary of State Hillary Clinton would make a visit to Burma, a move carefully received by allies of Burma China. On December 1, 2011, Suu Kyi met Hillary Clinton at the top-ranked US diplomat's residence in Yangon.
On December 21, 2011, Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra met Suu Kyi in Yangoon, marking the "first meeting with foreign country leader" Suu Kyi.
On January 5, 2012, British Foreign Secretary William Hague meets Aung San Suu Kyi and her Burmese counterpart. This is a significant visit for Suu Kyi and Burma. Suu Kyi studied in England and retained many ties there, while Britain is the largest bilateral donor in Burma. During Aung San Suu Kyi's visit to Europe, she visited the Swiss parliament, collecting the 1991 Nobel Prize in Oslo and her honorary degree from Oxford University.
selection-by 2012
In December 2011, there was speculation that Suu Kyi would run in the 2012 national elections to fill vacant seats. On January 18, 2012, Suu Kyi was officially registered for the seat of the Pyithu Hluttaw (lower house) in Kawhmu Town constituency in a special parliamentary elections to be held on April 1, 2012. The seat was previously held by Soe Tint, who vacated it after appointing the Deputy Minister of Construction, in the 2010 election. He ran for a candidate for Union Solidarity and Development Party Soe Min, a retired army doctor and native Twante Township.
On March 3, 2012, on a major campaign in Mandalay, Suu Kyi unexpectedly left after 15 minutes, exhausted and drunk.
In an official campaign speech broadcast on Burmese state television's MRTV on March 14, 2012, Suu Kyi publicly campaigned for reform of the 2008 Constitution, the abolition of limiting legislation, more adequate protection for the people's democratic rights, and the establishment of an independent tribunal. The speech was leaked online the day before it was broadcast. A paragraph in the speech, which focuses on Tatmadaw's suppression by using the law, is censored by the authorities.
Suu Kyi has also called on the international media to monitor the upcoming elections, while publicly displaying irregularities in the official voters list, which includes the deceased and excluding other eligible voters in the contested constituency. On March 21, 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was quoted as saying "Fraud violations and rules continue and we can even say that they are increasing."
When asked if he would accept the ministerial post if given the opportunity, he said the following:
I can tell you one thing - that under the current constitution, if you become a member of the government you have to vacate your seat in the national assembly. And I do not work hard to get into parliament just to empty my seat.
On March 26, 2012, Suu Kyi suspended her early national campaign tour, following a campaign in Myeik (Mergui), a coastal city in the south, citing health problems due to fatigue and hot weather.
On April 1, 2012, the NLD announced that Suu Kyi had won a vote for seats in Parliament. A news broadcast on the state-run MRTV, reading the announcement of the United Nations Electoral Commission, confirmed his victory, and his party's victory in 43 of the 45 contested seats, officially made Suu Kyi the Opposition Leader in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
Although he and other lawmakers are expected to take office on April 23 when Hluttaws 's National League for Democracy, National League for Democracy' s session, including Suu Kyi, said they would not take their oath because of his words; in its present form, MPs must swear to "guard" the constitution. In a speech on Radio Free Asia, he said, "We do not mean we will not attend parliament, we mean we will attend only after taking the oath... Changing the words in the oath is also in accordance with the Constitution I do not expect there will be difficulties in doing so. "
On May 2, 2012, the National League for Democracy MPs, including Aung San Suu Kyi, took their oath and took over the office, although the swear words did not change. According to the Los Angeles Times, "Suu Kyi and her colleagues decided they could do more by joining MPs rather than maintaining their boycott on principle." On July 9, 2012, he attended Parliament for the first time as a member of parliament.
2015 elections
On July 6, 2012, Suu Kyi announced on the World Economic Forum that she wanted to run for president in Myanmar's 2015 election. The current constitution, which came into force in 2008, banned her from the presidency because she was a widow and a mother of a foreigner - provisions that appear to be written specifically to prevent them from being eligible.
The NLD won a landslide victory in the election, winning at least 255 seats in the House of Representatives and 135 seats in the National Council. In addition, Suu Kyi won re-election to the House of Representatives. Under the 2008 constitution, the NLD must win at least two-thirds majority in both assemblies to ensure that its candidate will become president. Before the election, Suu Kyi announced that although she was constitutionally banned from the presidency, she would hold real power in the NLD-led government. On March 30, 2016 he became Minister for the Office of the President, for Foreign Affairs, for Education and for Electricity and Energy in the government of President Htin Kyaw; then he released the last two ministries and President Htin Kyaw appointed the State Counselor, a position similar to the Prime Minister created especially for him. The position of the State Advisor was approved by the House of Nationalities on 1 April 2016 and the House of Representatives on 5 April 2016. The following day, his role as Counselor Country was established.
Minister of Foreign Affairs and State Advisor (2016-present)
Immediately after he became foreign minister, he invited Foreign Minister Wang Yi, Canadian Foreign Minister Stephane Dion and Italian Foreign Minister Paolo Gentiloni in April and Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida in May and discussed to have diplomatic relations. both with these countries.
Initially, upon accepting the position of the State Counselor, he granted amnesty to the students who were arrested for opposing the National Education Bill, and announced the creation of a commission to the state of Rakhine, which had a long record of the persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority. However, not long after the government of Aung San Suu Kyi was unsuccessful with ethnic conflict in Shan and Kachin states, where thousands of refugees fled to China, and by 2017 the persecution of Rohingyas by government forces increased to the point that it was not unusual. called genocide. Aung San Suu Kyi, when interviewed, denied allegations of ethnic cleansing. He also refused to grant citizenship to Rohingya, instead of taking steps to issue ID cards for residence but there was no guarantee of citizenship.
Political confidence
Asked what the democratic model could be seen by Myanmar, he said: "We have many, many lessons to learn from various places, not just Asian countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Mongolia and Indonesia. He also cited "eastern European countries, which made the transition from communist autocracy to democracy in the 1980s and 1990s, and Latin American countries, which made the transition from military government." And we certainly can not forget South Africa, because even though it is not a military regime, it must be an authoritarian regime. "He added:" We want to learn from all those who have reached the transition to democracy, and also... our great strong point is that, as we are so far behind others, we can also learn which mistakes we should avoid. "
In nodding into US political differences between Republicans led by Mitt Romney and Democrat Obama - then struggling to win the 2012 Presidential election - he stressed, "For those of you who are familiar with American politics I am sure understand the need for compromise negotiations."
International support
Aung San Suu Kyi has received vocal support from Western countries in Europe, Australia and North and South America, as well as India, Israel, Japan, the Philippines and South Korea. In December 2007, the US House of Representatives voted unanimously to give Aung San Suu Kyi the Gold Medal of Congress; The Senate agreed on April 25, 2008. On May 6, 2008, President George W. Bush signed a law granting Suu Kyi the Gold Medal of Congress. He was the first recipient in American history to receive a prize while in prison. More recently, there has been growing criticism of his detention by Burmese neighbors in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, especially from Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore. At one point Malaysia warned Burma that the country faces expulsion from Asean as a result of Suu Kyi's detention. Other countries including South Africa, Bangladesh, and the Maldives also called for his release. The United Nations has urged the country to move towards inclusive national reconciliation, the restoration of democracy, and full respect for human rights. In December 2008, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution condemning the human rights situation in Burma and called for Suu Kyi's release - 80 countries voted for resolutions, 25 opposed and 45 abstentions. Other countries, like China and Russia, are less critical of the regime and prefer to cooperate only on economic issues. Indonesia has urged China to push Burma for reform. But Samak Sundaravej, a former Prime Minister of Thailand, criticized the amount of support for Suu Kyi, saying that "Europe is using Aung San Suu Kyi as a tool and if it is not related to Aung San Suu Kyi, you can have deeper discussions with Myanmar.
Vietnam does not, however, endorse the calls of other ASEAN member states to Myanmar to free Aung San Suu Kyi, state media reported on Friday, August 14, 2009. State News Nam Nam says Vietnam has no condemnation of Myanmar's decision August 11, 2009 to place Suu Kyi under house arrest for the next 18 months, effectively banning him from elections scheduled for 2010. "This is our view that Aung San Suu Kyi's trial is Myanmar's internal affairs," Vietnamese government spokesman Le Dung said on the ministry's website Overseas. Unlike other ASEAN member states, Dung said Vietnam has always supported Myanmar and hopes to continue implementing the "road map to democracy" outlined by its government.
Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. The Nobel Committee's decision states:
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 1991 to Aung San Suu Kyi of Myanmar (Burma) for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights.
... Suu Kyi's struggle is one of the extraordinary examples of civil courage in Asia in recent decades. He has become an important symbol in the struggle against oppression... ... In awarding the Nobel Peace Prize for 1991 to Aung San Suu Kyi, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wants to honor this woman for her unremitting efforts and to show her support for the many people around the world who are striving to achieve democracy, human rights and conciliation ethnic in a peaceful way.
In 1995 Aung San Suu Kyi delivered a keynote address at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing.
Nobel Peace Prize Winners Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Dalai Lama, Shirin Ebadi, Adolfo PÃÆ' Â © rez Esquivel, Mairead Corrigan, Rigoberta MenchÃÆ'º, Prof. Elie Wiesel, US President Barack Obama, Betty Williams, Jody Williams and former US President Jimmy Carter ) called on the Burmese rulers to free Suu Kyi to "create the necessary conditions for sincere dialogue with Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and all concerned parties and ethnic groups to achieve an inclusive national reconciliation with direct support from the United Nations." Part of the money he received as part of the award helped fund a London-based charity, Prospect Burma, which provides high-end grants to Burmese students.
On June 16, 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was finally able to deliver a Nobel laureate speech at Oslo City Hall two decades after being awarded a peace prize.
In September 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi personally received the US Congressional Gold Medal, which is the highest Congress award. Although he was awarded this medal in 2008, at the time he was under house arrest, and could not receive a medal. Aung San Suu Kyi was greeted with bipartisan support in Congress, as part of a beach-to-coast tour in the United States. In addition, Aung San Suu Kyi meets with President Barack Obama at the White House. The experience was described by Aung San Suu Kyi as "one of the most moving days of my life."
His tenure as Myanmar State Councilor has drawn international condemnation for his failure to address his country's economic and ethnic problems, notably the Rohingya suffering after the August 25, 2017 ARSA (described as "certainly one of the largest refugee crises and ethnic cleansing cases since the second world war" ), for the weakening of press freedom and his leadership style, described as arrogant and "distracted and unrelated".
Responses to violence against Muslims and Rohingya refugees
In 2017, critics called for Suu Kyi's Nobel laurels to be lifted, citing her silence over the persecution of the Rohingyas in Myanmar. Some activists criticized Aung San Suu Kyi for her silence on Rakhine State riots 2012 (later repeated during the Rohingya refugee crisis of 2015), and she feels an indifference to the plight of Rohingya, a Muslim minority persecuted in Myanmar. In 2012, he told reporters that he did not know whether Rohingya could be considered a Burmese citizen. In a 2013 interview with BBC Mishal Husain, Suu Kyi did not condemn the violence against Rohingya and denied that Muslims in Myanmar had been subjected to ethnic cleansing, insisting that the tension was due to a "climate of fear" caused by "worldwide." the perception that global Muslim power is "so great '". He cursed "any hatred" in the interview. According to Peter Popham, after the interview, he expressed his anger for being interviewed by a Muslim. Husain has challenged Suu Kyi that virtually any impact of violence against Rohingyas, in response to Suu Kyi's claim that violence is on both sides, and Peter Popham portrays his position on the issue as one of the ambiguities aimed at political gain.
However, he says that he wants to work towards reconciliation and he can not take sides because the violence has been committed by both parties. According to The Economist, his â € Å"halo has even slipped among foreign human rights lobbyists, disappointed by his failure to make a clear stand on behalf of the Rohingya minorityâ €. However, he has spoken "against the Rohingya family ban near the Bangladesh border that has more than two children".
In a BBC News article in 2015, reporter Jonah Fisher stated that Aung San Suu Kyi's silence over Rohingya's problem was due to the need to gain support from the Bama ethnic majority because she was in "the middle of an election campaign". In May 2015, the Dalai Lama publicly asked him to do more to help Rohingya in Myanmar, claiming that he had previously urged him to overcome the Rohingya's anguish personally for two separate meetings and that he had rejected his insistence. In May 2016, Suu Kyi asked the newly appointed US Ambassador for Myanmar, Scot Marciel, not to mention the Rohingyas by that name. This follows Bamar's protest on the use of the word "Rohingya" by Marciel.
In 2016, Suu Kyi is accused of failing to protect Rohingya Muslim Myanmar during the 2016-17 persecution. State crime expert from Queen Mary University of London warned that Suu Kyi "legitimizes genocide" in Myanmar. Despite continuing to persecute Rohingya until 2017, Suu Kyi "does not even recognize, let alone try to stop, the campaign of rape, murder and destruction of Rohingya villages well-documented by the army". On September 4, 2017, Yanghee Lee, the UN special rapporteur on human rights in Myanmar, criticized Suu Kyi's response to the "really serious" situation at Rakhine, saying: "The de facto leader needs to step in - that's what we expect from the government anywhere to protect everyone within their own jurisdiction. "The BBC reported that" His comments came when the number of Rohingyas who fled to Bangladesh reached 87,000, according to UN estimates, "adding that" his sentiment is echoed by Nobel Peace laureate Malala Yousafzai, who said he is waiting to hear from Ms Suu Kyi - who has not commented on the crisis since it erupted ". The following day George Monbiot, writing in The Guardian, asked readers to sign the change.org petition to have the Nobel peace prize revoked, criticized his silence about the issue and confirmed "whether by prejudice or because of fear, he denies to others whose freedom he claims himself, his regime excluding - and in some cases trying to silence - activists who help ensure his rights are recognized. "The Nobel Foundation responds that there is no provision for revoking the Nobel Prize. Archbishop Desmond Tutu, a peace-keeping holder, also criticized Suu Kyi's silence: in an open letter published on social media, she said: "If the political price of your hike to the highest office in Myanmar is your silence, the price is definitely too steep. "It is not appropriate for the symbol of truth to lead such a state." On Sept 13 it was revealed that Suu Kyi would not attend the UN General Assembly debate held the following week to discuss the humanitarian crisis, with a Myanmar government spokesman stating "it may have a problem more urgent to deal with ".
In October 2017, Oxford City Council announced that, after the unanimous vote of the party, the honor of Freedom of the City, awarded in 1997 in recognition of its "long struggle for democracy", would be drawn following evidence emerging from United. Nation which means that he "no longer deserves honor". A few days later, Munsur Ali, a board member for the City of London Corporation, filed a motion to cancel Freedom of the City of London: the movement was supported by Catherine McGuinness, chairman of the company's policy and resource committee, who expressed "distress".... on the situation in Burma and atrocities committed by the Burmese military. "On 13 November 2017, Bob Geldof returned the Freedom of the City of Dublin award in protest against Suu Kyi who also held the award, stating that she did not" want to be associated with any way with an individual currently engaged in mass ethnic cleansing. the Rohingyas from northwestern Burma. "Calling Suu Kyi" female waitress for genocide, "Geldof added that she would be proud of a restored reward if it were first stripped of her." Dublin City Council voted 59-2 (with one abstention) for revoked the Aung San Suu Kyi City Liberation award for Myanmar's treatment of the Rohingyas in December 2017, although the Dublin City Mayor MÃÆ'cheÃÆ'¡l Mac Donncha denied the decision was influenced by protests by Geldof and members of U2.At the same meeting, choose 37-7 (with 5 abstentions) to remove the Geldof name from Roll of Honorary Freemen.
In March 2018, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum lifted Elie Wiesel Suu Kyi Award, granted in 2012, citing the failure to "condemn and stop the brutal military campaign" against Rohingya Muslims.
In May 2018, Suu Kyi was involved in a crime against Rohingya in a report by the UK's International Development Committee.
In popular culture
The life of Suu Kyi and her husband Michael Aris is portrayed in the 2011 Luc Besson movie The Lady , in which they are portrayed by Michelle Yeoh and David Thewlis. Yeoh visited Suu Kyi in 2011 before the movie was released in November. In the 1995 John Boorman movie Beyond Rangoon , Suu Kyi is played by Adelle Lutz.
Since 2009, Indian actress and Bharathanatyam dancer Rukmini Vijayakumar has been portrayed as Suu Kyi in a one-act play titled The Lady of Burma directed by Prakash Belawadi, also an eponymous drama by Richard Shannon.
U2's Bono wrote the song "Walk On" as a tribute to Suu Kyi, and publicized her sadness during the U2 Tour 360 Â °, 2009-2011. Saxophonist Wayne Shorter composed the song titled "Aung San Suu Kyi". It appeared on his album 1 1 (with Herbie Hancock pianist) and Footprints Live! .
Health issues
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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