Postcoital bleeding is bleeding from the vagina in women after intercourse and may or may not be related to pain. Bleeding can come from the uterus, cervix, vagina and other tissues or organs located near the vagina. Poistcoital hemorrhage can be one of the first indications of cervical cancer. There is another reason why a woman may experience bleeding after intercourse. Some women will bleed after sexual intercourse for the first time but others do not. The hymen can bleed if spread over thin tissue. Other activities may have effects on the vagina such as exercise and the use of tampons. Postcoital bleeding may stop without treatment. In some cases, postcoital bleeding may mimic menstrual irregularities. Postcoital bleeding can occur during pregnancy. The presence of cervical polyps can result in postcoital bleeding during pregnancy because polyp tissue is more easily damaged. Postcoital bleeding can be due to trauma after consensual and non-consensual sexual intercourse.
Diagnosis to determine the cause includes getting a medical history and assessing the symptoms. Treatment is not always necessary.
Video Postcoital bleeding
Cause
Vaginal bleeding after sex is a symptom that can indicate:
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- uterine disease
- chlamydia or other sexually transmitted infections
- atrophy vaginitis
- labor
- inadequate vaginal lubrication
- benign polyp
- cervical erosion (cervical inflammation)
- cervical or vaginal cancer
- anatomical abnormalities of the uterus, vagina or both.
- pregnancy
- endometrial polyp
- endometrial hyperplasia
- endometrial carcinoma
- leiomyomata
- servisitis
- cervical dysplasia
- endometriosis
- coagulation defects
- trauma
Bleeding from hemorrhoids and vulvar lesions may be misinterpreted as postcoital bleeding. Post coital bleeding can occur with discharge of fluid, itching, or irritation. This may be due to Trichomonas or Candida . A lack of estrogen can make the vaginal tissue thinner and more susceptible to bleeding. Some people suggest that birth control pills can cause postcoital bleeding.
Risk factors for developing postcoital bleeding are: low estrogen levels, rape and 'rough sex'.
Maps Postcoital bleeding
Diagnosis and treatment
Tests and detailed examination are used to determine the cause of bleeding:
- pregnancy test
- pelvic examination
- get network sample
- pap smear
- colposcopy examination of the vagina and cervix
- ultrasound
- histogram
- culture for bacteria
- network biopsies
A referral can be made to a specialist. Imaging may not be necessary. Cryotherapy has been used but is not recommended.
Epidemiology
Postcoital bleeding is rarely associated with gynecologic cancer in young women and the incidence is projected to decline due to extensive immunization against HPV. Postcoital hemorrhage is most widely studied in women in the US. In a large study in Taiwan, the overall incidence of postcoital bleeding was found to be 39-59 per 100,000 women. Those with postcoital bleeding have a higher risk of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. The benign causes of postcoital bleeding are associated with cervical erosion, ectropion, vaginitis and vulvovaginitis. Other associations were noted for the presence of leukoplakia from the cervix, intrauterine contraceptives, cervical polyps, cervicitis, menopause, dyspareunia, and vulvodynia. In Scotland, about 1 in 600 women aged 20-24 have unexplained bleeding. A study of African women found that the trauma of consensual sexual intercourse was the cause of postcoital bleeding in young women.
In community and culture
In Islamic culture, postcoital bleeding may be desirable to "satisfy cultural and/or religious needs". This is controversial:
See also
- Gynecological bleeding
- Menstruation
- Metrorrhagia
- Female genital mutilation
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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